Pakistan is currently assessing the potential introduction of satellite-based internet services by Starlink, a venture led by Elon Musk. This evaluation comes amid ongoing challenges with low internet speeds across the country. However, the launch of Starlink services in Pakistan could pose significant competition for existing internet service providers, prompting them to enhance their networks to remain competitive.
Officials have noted that Starlink has not yet commenced its satellite internet operations in Pakistan. The company’s plan to operate using Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites is under careful scrutiny by multiple countries, including Pakistan, due to the advanced technologies involved. The technical proposal submitted by Starlink is being reviewed by the Space Regulatory Authority in collaboration with key stakeholders such as SUPARCO, the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA), and the Frequency Allocation Board (FAB). The evaluation includes ensuring Starlink’s coexistence with approximately 14 Geostationary Orbit (GSO) satellites that currently provide services in Pakistan.
According to clause 5 of the National Space Policy, Starlink’s registration involves a rigorous process conducted by the National Space Agency. This includes analyzing technical standards for uplinking and downlinking data to ensure that future satellite telecom services do not interfere with existing communication systems. Once this registration process is complete, the PTA will decide whether to grant a license to Starlink. The company applied for a Long Distance and International (LDI) license in February 2022 and 14 Local Loop (LL) licenses in April 2022. However, the promulgation of a new space policy in December 2023 mandates the registration of all satellite service providers with PSARB, delaying Starlink’s approval.
Starlink’s technology differs from traditional GSO satellites, which operate at an altitude of 36,000 km. Instead, Starlink’s LEO satellites orbit between 250 and 500 km, enabling low-latency connectivity. These satellites can communicate with multiple ground stations simultaneously and feature satellite-to-satellite laser communication, effectively expanding coverage.
Bandwidth for Starlink’s internet services is typically accessed through ground stations within the country, where it is linked to optical fiber networks. This innovative approach ensures reliable service delivery to end users.
While Starlink has limited presence in Asia compared to Europe and America, cost remains a key factor. The initial and monthly expenses are higher than those of traditional networks. Nevertheless, the introduction of Starlink is expected to challenge existing operators, driving them to improve their services and compete with the satellite provider.