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  • World Bank’s IFC signs financing agreement to build six power projects in Pakistan

    World Bank’s IFC signs financing agreement to build six power projects in Pakistan

    ISLAMABAD: IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, has signed a financing agreement of $450 million to build six wind power projects in Pakistan.

    A statement on Friday said that IFC led the financing of a first-of-its-kind program to build six wind power projects in Pakistan, named the Super Six, with a total investment of US$450 million, to help deliver cleaner, cheaper power to meet the country’s critical demand for energy and reduce reliance on expensive imported fossil fuels.

    Financing agreements for the landmark wind power program were signed by IFC’s Senior Manager, Nadeem Siddiqui and private sector power developers at a special ceremony witnessed by Pakistan’s Prime Minister, Imran Khan and Federal Minister for Energy, Omar Ayub.

    The Super Six plants, with a combined capacity of 310 megawatts, will deliver among the lowest cost power generation in the country to date. They will be built in the Jhimpir wind corridor in Sindh province and will generate more than 1,000 gigawatt hours of electricity annually, enough to power 450,000 homes. The program is also expected to lead to emission reductions of about 650,000 tons of CO2 per year.

    All Super Six projects are being developed by domestic companies: ACT Group, Artistic Milliners (Private) Limited, Din Group, Gul Ahmed Group and Younus Brothers Group.

    “The government is aiming to increase the non-hydro renewable energy share in the overall generation mix from 4 percent to 20 percent by 2025 and it is welcoming to see Pakistan’s local private sector behind these Super Six wind projects, supporting the government’s long-term objective to see more wind and solar in the country’s energy mix,” Omar Ayub said.

    “This additional clean power will help meet growing demand, reduce the average cost of electricity, and improve both reliability and security of supply,” IFC’s Vice President for Asia and Pacific, Nena Stoiljkovic said.

    “We hope this will send a strong signal to the private sector that the renewable energy market in Pakistan is viable and sustainable, as well as beneficial to the Pakistani people.”

    As part of the program, IFC is providing a financing package of US$320 million, comprising US$86 million from its own account and US$234 million mobilized from other lenders, which include Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft (DEG, part of KfW Group of Germany), and local banks Bank Alfalah, Bank Al Habib and Meezan Bank.

    The program is in line with the joint energy strategy of the World Bank Group, which includes IFC, the World Bank and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), to help address Pakistan’s structural issues in the energy sector, through policy reforms and increases in private investments to expand clean energy generation and bring down the cost of power.

    The cost of power from the Super Six projects is expected to be more than 40 percent lower than the current average cost of generation, a move that is expected to spur more investments in renewable energy in the country. IFC, one of the largest investors in Pakistan’s power sector, financed the first wind power project in the country in 2011 and helped created the framework for financing hydro and wind Independent Power Producers.

    With this program, IFC will have made investments in 11 wind power projects in Pakistan. The World Bank is supporting the government on policy reforms to enhance the energy sector’s sustainability and the implementation of the upcoming new renewable energy policy framework.

  • Imran Khan appreciates World Bank’s financial, technical support to Pakistan

    Imran Khan appreciates World Bank’s financial, technical support to Pakistan

    ISLAMABAD: Prime Minister Imran Khan has appreciated the World Bank’s financial and technical support to Pakistan.

    He said this while welcoming World Bank Group President David R. Malpass here on Thursday.
    The prime minister reiterated the government’s resolve towards strengthening of economy, ensuring transparency and good governance, institutional reforms, tax reforms and socio-economic development of the marginalized sections of society.

    He said that ease-of-doing business, enhancing tax base, domestic resource mobilization, attracting foreign investment and financial reforms agenda s the foremost priority of the government.

    Prime Minister Khan apprised that the government has launched various initiatives aimed at welfare of the youth, poverty alleviation and housing sectors that will ultimately result in economic development.

    President World Bank was accompanied by Regional VP South Asia Hartwig Schafer, Ms. Ceyla Pazarbasioglu-Dutz, Regional Vice President IFC Ms. Snezana Stolijkovic and Country Director World Bank Pakistan Patchamuthu Illangovan.

    The Pakistani side comprised of Minister for Economic Affairs Muhammad Hammad Azhar, Minister Planning Makhdoom Khusro Bakhtiar, Minister Water Resources Faisal Vawda, Advisor on Finance Dr. Abdul Hafeez Sheikh, Advisor on Institutional Reforms Dr. Ishrat Hussain, SAPM Dr. Firdous Ashiq Awan, SAPM Dr. Sania Nishtar, Governor State Bank Raza Baqir, Chairman FBR Syed Shabbar Zaidi and senior officers.

    President World Bank Group, David Malpass appreciated Prime Minister Imran Khan for personally spearheading various flagship programs of the government. He also recognized the efforts of the government towards economic turn-around, reducing expenditures, practicing austerity and initiating reforms in critical sectors of the economy.

    He said that there was substantial progress in economic indicators despite Global and internal fiscal challenges.

    Later, a round-table conference was also held wherein detailed discussions were held on issues related to energy sector and reforming tax regime of the country. Minister for Economic Affairs Hammad Azhar, in his opening remarks, highlighted overall reform agenda of the government and the efforts being made for economic turn-around.

    Advisor Finance Dr. Abdul Hafeez Sheikh gave an overview of the achievements made by the Government during last one year. He also underlined the efforts made by the government to stabilize the economy and to put it onto the path of growth.

    He said that there was a considerable progress this year on exports, containing fiscal and current account deficits, revenue collection, restricting expenditures and exchange rate stabilization.

    Minister for Power Omar Ayub Khan and SAPM on Energy Nadeem Babar shared the strategy of the Government to overcome the issues related to energy sector including circular debt and efforts being made to diversify energy-mix with greater reliance on alternate and renewable energy resources.

    The World Bank President David R. Malpass also visited Tarbela Dam Project on Thursday and had a round of the Main Dam and the Power House of Tarbela 4th Extension Hydropower Project.

    Water Resources Federal Minister Muhammad Faisal Vawda, Water Resources Federal Secretary Muhammad Ashraf, WAPDA Chairman Lt Gen Muzammil Hussain (Retd) and World Bank senior officials accompanied him during the visit.

    Speaking on the occasion, World Bank President David R. Malpass expressed his pleasure over completion of Tarbela 4th Extension Hydropower Project within time and less than estimated cost, adding that the work on the project is impressive.

    The efforts of Government of Pakistan particularly Ministry of Water Resources and the Minister Faisal Vawda for improvement of water resources in Pakistan are applauded.

    President World Bank appreciated the efforts of Ministry of Water Resources especially the Minister for resolving the issues in relation to completion of Dassu Hydral Power Project, construction of Dams and other related projects.

    The team of World Bank especially recognized the untiring efforts of Faisal Wadda, Minister for water Resources for effectively coping with the challenges related to water issues in Pakistan.

    Earlier, Water Resources Federal Minister Muhammad Faisal Vawda thanked the World Bank for the cooperation it has been providing to Pakistan for harnessing water and hydropower resources since 1960.He expressed the hope that this cooperation will further enhance for implementation of various projects in the days to come.

    Vawda said we are taking comprehensive and effective measures for improvement of water resources and construction of dams in Pakistan.

    Pakistan will witness more progress in hydropower and water sectors with cooperation of Water Bank in future. Faisal Vawda, Federal Minister for Water Resources further added.

    He said 523 billion units of electricity have been contributed by Tarbela Hydel Power Station to the National Grid. Welcoming the World Bank President at Tarbela, WAPDA Chairman Lt Gen Muzammil Hussain (Retd) commended that the World Bank not only helped broker Indus Water Treaty between Pakistan and India but also administered the entire financial arrangements with assistance of the friendly countries to complete Indus Basin Replacement Works, which included two mega dams namely Mangla and Tarbela, five barrages and nine inter-river link canals to divert water from the Western Rivers to the Eastern Rivers.

    He also appreciated the World Bank for financial support for Tarbela 4th Extension Hydropower Project, Dasu Hydropower Project and upcoming Tarbela 5th Extension Hydropower Project. WAPDA is looking forward to World Bank’s support for other projects, located on Indus Cascade.

    The projects on Indus Cascade have the great potential to store water and generate phenomenal hydel electricity, he further said. Briefing the World Bank President about the benefits of Tarbela Dam Project, the Chairman said that as many as 378 MAF water has been released from Tarbela Reservoir to meet irrigation needs of the country.

    In addition, Tarbela 4th Extension Hydropower Project, commissioned last year, has also generated 5.6 billion units – more than the generation envisaged in PC-I of the project.

  • World Bank Group President arrives for three-day visit

    World Bank Group President arrives for three-day visit

    ISLAMABAD: David Malpass, President of World Bank Group will arrive in Islamabad today Wednesday, October 30, 2019 for a three-day visit, his first trip to Pakistan since assuming World Bank Group leadership on April 9, 2019.

    While in Pakistan, Malpass will meet with Prime Minister Imran Khan.

    He will also meet the Chief Minister of Sindh, Federal and Provincial Ministers, Advisors, the State Bank Governor, members of Parliament, beneficiaries of the Benazir Income Support Program, and representatives of the private sector.

    “My visit to Pakistan provides a good opportunity to discuss the need for important reforms to stabilize the Pakistani economy and accelerate broad-based growth,” said Malpass.

    “I look forward to hearing from Prime Minister Imran Khan and the Chief Ministers on their priorities and how the World Bank Group can best work with Pakistan to improve its business and jobs environment, and create conditions for people to gain education, skills, and good health.”

    During his visit, President Malpass will engage on reforms, including harmonizing the sales tax across Pakistan to further improve the business environment and enhance revenue collection; lowering circular debt in the power sector and increasing the share of renewable energy for environmental sustainability; harnessing a greater role for women in the economy; and unleashing digital payments to boost financial inclusion.

    President Malpass will visit a World Bank-supported hydropower project in Tarbela, where the Bank is currently financing additional capacity of 4GW of cheaper and environment-friendly energy.

    President Malpass will participate in an event to celebrate Pakistan’s progress in Ease of Doing Business 2020, and to discuss useful next steps.

    He will also participate in the launch of the National Payments Systems Strategy with the government and representatives from the private sector.

    Pakistan has been a member of the World Bank since 1950. Since then, the World Bank has provided $40 billion in assistance.

    The World Bank’s program in Pakistan is governed by the Country Partnership Strategy for FY2015-2020 with four priority areas of engagement: energy, private sector development, inclusion, and service delivery.

  • Pakistan among top 10 improvers in World Bank’s ease of doing business

    Pakistan among top 10 improvers in World Bank’s ease of doing business

    ISLAMABAD: The World Bank on Thursday said that the enactment of six regulatory reforms has landed Pakistan among the world’s top 10 business climate improvers.

    A study of the World Bank Group’s Doing Business 2020 said that due to a concerted improvement in business regulation, Pakistan climbed 28 places and rose to a rank of 108 in the global ease of Doing Business rankings this year from 136 the previous year.

    “This rise is significant and made possible by collective and coordinated actions of Federal Government and Provincial Governments of Sindh and Punjab over the past year,” said Illango Patchamuthu, World Bank Country Director for Pakistan. “The accelerated reform agenda has many noteworthy features to improve quality of regulations, reduce time and streamline processes. This momentum needs to be sustained in the coming years for Pakistan to continue to make progress.”

    The reforms that helped the country improve its ranking are significant. The country has made starting a business easier by expanding the functionalities of the online one-stop-shop. This reduced the number of procedures required to set up a business from 10 to five and improved the economy’s score for starting a business. Additionally, in Lahore, the Labor Department registration fee was abolished.

    Authorities made the approval process for obtaining a construction permit easier and faster in both Karachi and Lahore. In Karachi, the process was also made safer by ensuring that building quality inspections take place regularly. Pakistan also eased the process for paying taxes by introducing online payment modules for value added taxes and corporate income taxes. The government also lowered the corporate income tax rate for the 2018 fiscal year. This reform reduced the number of payments from 47 to 34 and the total number of hours required to comply with tax requirements per year from 294 to 283.

    Pakistan also made it easier to get electricity and register property. Karachi and Lahore enforced service delivery time frames and launched an online portal for new applications. In addition, the country increased the transparency of electricity tariff changes. Karachi made property registration faster by making it easier to execute and register a deed at the Office of the Sub-Registrar. Lahore increased the transparency of the land administration system by publishing its fee schedule online. Lastly, in the area of trading across borders, Pakistan enhanced the integration of various agencies in the Web-Based One Customs (WEBOC) electronic system and ensured coordination of joint physical inspections at the port.

    Pakistan continues to perform best on the protecting minority investors indicator, earning the maximum possible points on the extent of ownership and control index, which measures governance safeguards protecting shareholders from undue board control. Globally, Pakistan is in the top 30 economies on this measure.

    Going forward, Pakistan has other opportunities for improvement in the areas measured by Doing Business. For example, on enforcing contracts, the country ranks 156th. It takes 1,071 days to resolve a commercial dispute in Pakistan, almost twice the average among OCED high-income economies.

  • World Bank approves $518 million for Pakistan’s efforts to raise domestic revenue

    World Bank approves $518 million for Pakistan’s efforts to raise domestic revenue

    ISLAMABAD: The World Bank on Friday approved a package of $518 million for two projects in support of Pakistan’s ambitious efforts to raise revenue and reduce compliance cost with a goal of providing better services to the people.

    The $400 million Pakistan Raises Revenue Project will support the Federal Board of Revenue’s (FBR) focus to create a sustainable increase in Pakistan’s domestic tax revenue. The project will assist in simplifying the tax regime and strengthening tax and customs administration. It will also support the FBR with technology and digital infrastructure and technical skills. This will enable more effective use of taxpayer information and more targeted compliance. The Government has set improving tax revenue with low compliance costs as a high priority.

    “Revenue mobilization plays an essential role in Pakistan’s fiscal sustainability,” said Muhammad Waheed, Task Team Leader of the Project. “The project will target raising the tax-to-GDP ratio to 17 percent by financial year 2023-2024 and widening the tax net from the current 1.2 million to at least 3.5 million active taxpayers.”

    Pakistan’s revenue performance has improved significantly from tax policy measures in recent years, rising from 9.5 percent of GDP in financial year 2011-2012 to 12.9 percent in financial year 2017-2018. This is still lower than the level needed by developing countries, of at least 15 percent of GDP, to fund basic government functions and provide services to people.

    “Creating fiscal space through revenue mobilization is critical to reduce the country’s budget deficit, enabling people of Pakistan to benefit from better public investments and services,” said Illango Patchamuthu, World Bank Country Director for Pakistan.

    The $118 million Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Revenue Mobilization and Public Resource Management Project will support the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to increase its capacity for revenue collection and the management of the province’s resources. The project is anchored in the provincial government’s Public Financial Management Strategy (2017-2020) and will strengthen the government’s Public Financial Management system.

    While the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has made progress in revenue mobilization and management of public finances, its revenues remain low. Enhancing the tax revenue could increase its capacity to provide better services to residents. It will also reduce its dependence on federal transfers, which accounted for 86 percent of provincial revenue in the financial year 2016-2017.

    “Mobilizing domestic revenue is crucial to improving human development outcomes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,” said Raymond Muhula, Task Team Leader of the Project. “This project will support the government’s priority to increase its own source revenue and to better manage its resources.”

  • World Bank helps Sarena Hotels to obtain global business certification for gender equality

    World Bank helps Sarena Hotels to obtain global business certification for gender equality

    ISLAMABAD: International Finance Commission (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, is partnering with one of the largest hotel chains in South Asia, Serena Hotels Pakistan, to help it become the first company in Pakistan to obtain the leading global assessment and business certification for gender equality—EDGE (Economic Dividends for Gender Equality), a press release said on Tuesday.

    Currently, in Pakistan, only about one in four women work and just 7 percent of the country’s workforce is female.

    The certification evaluates companies’ workplace gender equality performance against global and industry benchmarks, helping them become a gender equal environment to work in, invest in, and do business with. EDGE currently works with nearly 200 organizations in 50 countries and 23 industries.

    “Our collaboration with IFC on gender-smart initiatives will allow us to help our women Associates, while benefiting from attracting and utilizing their talent in our Company. Most importantly, it will allow us to further improve the workplace where all Associates are viewed as equal, so that we have a more productive, engaged, loyal, and skilled team. Gender equality is a win-win for both our Associates and business,” said Aziz Boolani, CEO of Serena Hotels in Pakistan.

    Headquartered in Islamabad, Serena Hotels Pakistan, a recipient of “Employer of Choice for Gender Balance-2018” employs 12 percent women in a workforce of 1,900.

    Through the EDGE gender assessment process and with support from IFC, the group aims to further enhance gender balance by creating more opportunities for women’s employment, capacity building of high-potential women Associates to leadership training and skill development of women at community level for entrepreneurship.

    “There’s no doubt that companies can deliver greater business impact and be more competitive by fostering an equitable and inclusive workplace for women and men,” said Nadeem Siddiqui, IFC’s Senior Country Manager in Pakistan.

    “We hope more companies in Pakistan will discover the strength of the business case for greater gender equality in the workplace.”

  • Massive cut in tax exemptions, concessions likely in budget 2019/2020

    Massive cut in tax exemptions, concessions likely in budget 2019/2020

    ISLAMABAD: The government has planned to a massive cut tax in exemptions and concessions in the budget 2019/2020, which is scheduled to be announced on June 11, 2019.

    Sources told PkRevenue.com that the government had committed with the World Bank and other international agencies to withdraw large size exemptions given to various sectors and individuals in order to boost revenue collection, especially in the wake of difficult economic situation.

    The sources said that the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) had already initiated policy making and would introduce phases to withdraw available tax concessions and exemptions.

    According to Pakistan Revenue Mobilization Program funded by the World Bank, the FBR had already launched several initiatives including ongoing review of tax policy to formulate a medium-term tax policy framework and propose measures to reduce tax expenditure for the budget 2019/2020.

    The cost of tax exemptions and concessions in the fiscal year 2017/2018 was around Rs541 billion, which included: income tax Rs61.78 billion; sales tax Rs281 billion; and customs duty Rs198.15 billion.

    The sources said that in the first phase around 50 percent exemptions and concessions would be withdrawn in the budget 2019/2020.

    The World Bank on Pakistan report said multiple exemptions and discounted rates to select industries, economic actors, and economic activities (e.g. sugar, textiles, and fertilizer industries; ‘associations’ in the real estate sector; imports for infrastructure projects under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) are granted in each year’s budget law, which distort competition and economic actors’ incentives. In FY2017/18, Pakistan’s tax expenditure (i.e., tax revenue foregone due to exemptions and concessional rates) was estimated at 2 percent of GDP, primarily due to exemptions from General Sales Tax (GST) and customs duties.

    “Substantial exemptions also apply to property taxes, whereby properties below a certain size are exempted regardless of location, while revenue is also lost due to unrealistically low valuations used for taxation purposes.”

    The Capital Gains Tax (CGT) returns negligible receipts due to the zero rate applied to capital gains from the sale of immovable property after more than four years of ownership, and rates of 5-10 percent for properties sold after one to four years of ownership, the report said.

    The present PTI-led government has issued a roadmap for stability, growth and productive employment issued in April 2019 and stated that tax policy has to balance the revenue objective with equity and growth objectives.

    Presently tax policy has a predominant revenue focus and as such is likely to create distortions in the economy which can adversely affect the growth and equity objectives.

    In addition, even the revenue objective is compromised by large scale exemptions. To correct this shortcoming, the government intends the following:

    i) Enact a law to ensure that no tax exemption is allowed through law or notification without an estimate of its cost independently by the tax department as well as the concerned ministry. Such cost will be made public before notification of the exemption.

    ii) Review all existing exemptions, with the purpose of eliminating as many of those as possible. Even if an exemption is to be retained its cost will be determined and made public. Ministry of Finance to publish annually a statement of tax expenditures to show how much revenue is being foregone due to exemptions.

    iii) Ensure that all exemptions, existing or newly proposed, will have a sunset clause (ideally not more than 5 years).

    iv) Publish a list of all government owned, quasi-government and government-linked enterprises availing tax exemption/concession in any way along with quantification of the tax expenditure. In addition, a plan be prepared for phasing out of these concessions.

    v) Withdraw FBR powers to issue SROs to grant exemptions. This power will vest only with the Parliament.

    vi) Ensure that all non-procedural existing SROs will expire at the end of the fiscal year. Steps taken over the last two years to incorporate all exemptions granted through SROs to be made part of the body of law.

  • FBR to target large taxpayers for detailed field audit

    FBR to target large taxpayers for detailed field audit

    ISLAMABAD: Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) to conduct tax audits of large taxpayers, who are selected through an automated risk-based tool.

    According to World Bank’s updated report on ‘Pakistan Revenue Mobilization’ said that according disbursement linked Indicators (DLI) the FBR required to conduct tax audits on cases selected through an automated risk-based tool, informed by analysis of integrated data from multiple sources.

    It sets targets for detailed field audits of large taxpayers, thereby making an efficient use of resources for the highest impact.

    Riskbased audit is essential to deterring tax evasion and increasing compliance, especially for large taxpayers who use complex tax evasion techniques.

    It also benefits compliant taxpayers, as it spares them the hassle and cost of ineffective mass audits and reduces the discretion of FBR officials to pick cases for audit.

    The World Bank program also required the FBR to implement—through licensed agents—electronic production monitoring for high-risk sectors (e.g., sugar, cement, fertilizer) and electronic tracking of production, distribution, and sale of final products (tobacco, beverages).

    It will increase compliance by reducing the risk of under-declaration of output, sales, and corporate profits, the report said.

    The DLI related to new taxpayers with taxable incomes/sales identified through automated data sharing and ICT-based BI

    (number)will ensures that the FBR will use the new ICT equipment and software that enables the BI and data mining tools to identify unregistered or noncompliant taxpayers.

    It also disincentivizes the registration of individuals and firms without taxable income or sales, thereby avoiding inefficient use of FBR resources and negative impacts on micro firms and economically weaker households.

  • FBR to reduce withholding tax provisions under World Bank program

    FBR to reduce withholding tax provisions under World Bank program

    ISLAMABAD: Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) is required to reduce number of withholding provisions to strengthen the income tax and take out this system from indirect taxes.

    According to funding approved by the World Bank for Pakistan Revenue Mobilization Project, the FBR is required to reduce the scope of withholding regime.

    The World Bank said that the funding requires a reduction in the types of transactions subject to income tax withholding.

    “It contributes directly to transparency of the tax system, given that the withholding regime transforms income taxes into indirect taxes, which are less visible to taxpayers. It will also greatly reduce compliance costs for firms that have to act as withholding agents.

    The World Bank also approved funds for transparent tax system for Pakistan. The World Bank said that under this funding the authorities require detailed reporting of tax expenditure in the annual budget documentation with disaggregated information about the cost and beneficiaries of each exemption and concession.

    “It is important to broadening the tax base because it exposes the revenue foregone due to each exemption/concession, and the industries that benefit.”

    The World Bank also stressed on coordination of the FBR with provinces. Under this funding program the FBR needs to reach agreements with the provinces on automated sharing taxpayer information, the methodology for calculating GST input adjustments, and common updated property valuation tables.

    “This coordination will enable the FBR and the provinces to broaden their respective tax nets. Coordination can be facilitated through the newly established Fiscal Coordination Committee, comprising the federal and provincial governments.”

  • FBR is not organized revenue authority

    FBR is not organized revenue authority

    ISLAMABAD: Federal Board of Revenue (FBR), unlike most revenue authorities in the world, is not organized along functional lines, nor does it have a clear hierarchical structure.

    This was stated by the World Bank in its report on Pakistan taxation.

    It said: The FBR is a large organization with a nationwide presence and more than 21,000 staff, of whom about two thirds work for Inland Revenue Service (IRS) and one third for Pakistan Customs.

    It further said despite a government target for women to reach 10 percent of public employees, the FBR has only 962 women staff (4.6 percent).

    However, women are better represented among professional-grade staff (grades 17+), accounting for 17.6 percent of total staff in grades 17-22.

    The two services have separate career structures and human resource practices with limited shared services (e.g. accounting).

    Their audit functions, ICT systems, and territorial formations (Regional Tax Offices/Large Taxpayer Units for the IRS, Customs stations and control points) are also separate.

    The IRS is organized along tax instruments, territorial jurisdictions, and taxpayer segments (e.g. Large Taxpayer Units) rather than functions (e.g. taxpayer registration, assessment, tax audit).

    “A mixed function-based and segment-based structure is considered more efficient, as it enables technical specialization of staff, automation of business processes by function, fewer offices, and complete taxpayer profiles – rather than separate records for each tax instrument as is the case in the FBR,” the World Bank said.

    In terms of management structure, the FBR Act assigns the decision-making functions to the Board with limited powers for the Chairman.

    In turn, Board Members are responsible for different functions but do not oversee FBR territorial formations, where most FBR staff are deployed.

    Moreover, IRS Directors-General report directly to the FBR Chairman rather than Board Members.