37D. Cognizance of Offences by Special Judges.– (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or any other law for the time being in force, a Special Judge may, within the limits of his jurisdiction, take cognizance of any offence punishable under this Act:
(a) Upon a report in writing made by an officer of Inland Revenue or by any other officer especially authorized in this behalf by the Federal Government; or
(b) Upon receiving a complaint or information of facts constituting such offence made or communicated by any person; or
(c) Upon his own knowledge acquired during any proceeding before him under this act or under any other law for the time being in force.
(2) Upon the receipt of report under clause (a) of sub-section (1), the Special Judge shall proceed with trial of the accused.
(3) Upon the receipt of a complaint or information under clause (b), or acquired in the manner referred to in clause (c) of sub-section (1), the Special Judge may, before issuing a summon or warrant for appearance of the person complained against, hold a preliminary inquiry for the purpose of ascertaining the truth or falsehood of the complaint, or direct any magistrate or any officer of Inland Revenue or any police officer to hold such inquiry and submit a report, and such Magistrate or officer shall conduct such inquiry and make report accordingly.
(4) If, after conducting such inquiry or after considering the report of such Magistrate or officer, the Special Judge is of the opinion that– –
(a) there is no sufficient ground for proceeding, he may dismiss the complaint, or
(b) there is sufficient ground for proceeding, he may proceed against the person complained against in accordance with law.
(5) A special Judge or a Magistrate or an officer holding inquiry under sub-section (3) may hold such inquiry, as early as possible, in accordance with the provision of section 202 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898).
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37B. Procedure to be followed on arrest of a person.– (1) When an officer of Inland Revenue authorized in this behalf arrests a person under Section 37A, he shall immediately intimate the fact of the arrest of that person to the Special Judge who may direct such Officer to produce that person at considers such time and place and on such date as the Special Judge considers expedient and such Officer shall act accordingly.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the sub-section (1), any person arrested under this Act shall be produced before the Special Judge or, if there is no Special Judge within a reasonable distance, to the nearest Judicial Magistrate, within twenty-four hours of such arrest, excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Court of the Special Judge or, as the case may be, of such Magistrate.
(3) When any person is produced under sub-section (2) before the Special Judge, he may, on the request of such person, after perusing the record, if any and after giving the prosecution an opportunity of being heard, admit him to bail on his executing a bond, with or without sureties, or refuse to admit him to bail and direct his detention at such place as he deems fit:
Provided that nothing herein contained shall preclude the Special Judge from cancelling the bail of any such person at a subsequent stage if, for any reason, he considers such cancellation necessary, but before passing such order he shall afford such person an opportunity of being heard, unless for reasons to be recorded he considered that the affording of such opportunity shall defeat the purposes of this Act.
(4) When such person is produced under sub-section (2) before a Judicial Magistrate, such Magistrate may, after authorising his detention in such custody at such place and for such period as he considers necessary or proper for facilitating his earliest production before the Special Judge, direct his production before the Special Judge on a date and time to be fixed by him or direct such person to be forthwith taken to, and produced before, the Special Judge and he shall be so taken.
(5) Nothing in sub-section (3) or sub-section (4) shall preclude the Special Judge or the Judicial Magistrate from remanding any such person to the custody of an officer of Inland Revenue holding inquiry against that person if such officer makes a request in writing to that effect, and the Special Judge or the Judicial Magistrate, after perusing the record, if any, and hearing such person, is of the opinion that for the completion of inquiry or investigation it is necessary to make such order:
Provided that in no case the period of such custody shall exceed fourteen days.
(6) When any person is arrested under this Act, an officer of Inland Revenue shall record the fact of arrest and other relevant particulars in the register specified in sub-section (10) and shall immediately proceed to inquire into the charge against such person and if he completes the inquiry within twenty-four hours of his arrest, excluding the time necessary for journey as aforesaid, he may, after producing such person before the Special Judge or the nearest Judicial Magistrate, make a request for his further detention in his custody.
(7) While holding an inquiry under sub-section (6), an officer of Inland Revenue shall exercise the same powers as are exercisable by an officer in charge of a police station under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898), but such officer shall exercise such powers subject to the foregoing provisions of this section while holding an inquiry under this Act.
(8) If an officer of Inland Revenue, after holding an inquiry as aforesaid, is of the opinion that there is no sufficient evidence or reasonable ground for suspicion against such person, he shall release him on his executing a bond, with or without sureties, and shall direct such person to appear, as and when required, before the Special Judge, and make a report to the Special Judge for the discharge of such person and shall make a full report of the case to his immediate superior.
(9) The Special Judge to whom a report has been made under sub-section, (8) may, after the perusal of record of the inquiry, and hearing the prosecution, agree with such report and discharge the accused or, if he is of the opinion that there is sufficient ground for proceedings against such person, proceed with his trial and direct the prosecution to produce evidence.
(10) An officer of Inland Revenue empowered to hold inquiry under this section shall maintain a register to be called “Register of Arrests and Detentions” in the prescribed form in which he shall enter the name and other particulars of every person arrested under this Act, together with the time and date of arrest, the details of the information received, the details of things, goods or documents, recovered from his custody, the name of the witnesses and the explanation, if any, given by him and the manner in which the inquiry has been conducted from day to day; and, such register or authenticated copies of its aforesaid entries shall be produced before the Special Judge, whenever such Officer is so directed by him.
(11) After completing the inquiry, an officer of Inland Revenue shall, as early as possible, submit to Special Judge a complaint in the same form and manner in which the officer incharge of a police station submits a report, before a court.
(12) Magistrate of the first class may record any statement or confession during inquiry under this Act, in accordance with the provisions of Section 164 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898).
(13) Without prejudice to the foregoing provisions of this section, Board, with the approval of the Federal Minister-in-charge, may, by notification in the official Gazette, authorize any other officer working under the Board to exercise the powers and perform the functions of an officer of Inland Revenue under this section, subject to such conditions, if any, that it may deem fit to impose.
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37A. Power to arrest and prosecute.– (1) An officer of Inland Revenue not below the rank of an Assistant Commissioner of Inland Revenue or any other officer of equal rank authorised by the Board in this behalf, who on the basis of material evidence has reason to believe that any person has committed a tax fraud or any offence warranting prosecution under this Act may cause arrest of such person.
(2) All arrests made under this Act shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898).
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) to subsection (3) or any other provision of this Act, where any person has committed a tax fraud or any offence warranting prosecution under this Act, the Commissioner may, either before or after the institution of any proceedings for recovery of tax, compound the offence if such person pays the amount of tax due along with such default surcharge and penalty as is determined under the provisions of this Act.
(5) Where the person suspected of tax fraud or any offence warranting prosecution under this Act is a company, every director or officer of that company whom the authorised officer has reason to believe is personally responsible for actions of the company contributing the tax fraud or any offence warranting prosecution under this Act shall be liable to arrest; provided that any arrest under this sub-section shall not absolve the company from the liabilities of payment of tax, default surcharge and penalty imposed under this Act.
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37. Power to summon persons to give evidence and produce documents in inquiries under the Act.– (1) Any officer of Inland Revenue shall have powers to summon any person whose attendance he considers necessary either to tender evidence or to produce documents or any other thing in any inquiry which such officer is making for any of the purposes of this Act.
(2) Any person summoned under sub-section (1) shall be bound to attend either in person or by an authorised agent, as the officer of Inland Revenuemay direct;
Provided that a person who is exempted from personal appearance in a court under section 132 and 133 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Act V of 1908), shall not be required to appear in person.
(3) Any inquiry before an officer of Inland Revenueshall be deemed to be a judicial proceeding within the meaning of section 193 and 228 of the Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860).
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Section 34A of the Sales Tax Act, 1990, provides a mechanism for the exemption from penalty and default surcharge imposed under Sections 33 and 34 of the Act.
Taxpayers are liable to pay default surcharge in case the due payment is not deposited in national kitty in time under Section 34 of the Sales Tax Act, 1990.
34. Default Surcharge.– (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 11, if a registered person does not pay the tax due or any part thereof, whether wilfully or otherwise, in time or in the manner specified under this Act, rules or notifications issued thereunder or claims a tax credit, refund or makes an adjustment which is not admissible to him, or incorrectly applies the rate of zero per cent to supplies made by him, he shall, in addition to the tax due, pay default surcharge at the rate mentioned below:—
(a) the person liable to pay any amount of tax or charge or the amount of refund erroneously made, shall pay default surcharge at the rate of twelve per cent per annum, of the amount of tax due or the amount of refund erroneously made; and
(c) in case, the default is on account of tax fraud, the person who has committed tax fraud shall pay default surcharge at the rate of two per cent per month, of the amount of tax evaded or the amount of refund fraudulently claimed, till such time the entire liability including the amount of default surcharge is paid.
(2) For the purpose of calculation of default surcharge, –
(a) in the case of inadmissible input tax credit or refund, the period of default shall be reckoned from the date of adjustment of such credit or, as the case may be, refund is received; and
(b) in the case of non-payment of tax or part thereof, the period of default shall be reckoned from the 16th day of a month (following the due date of the tax period to which the default relates) to the day preceding the date on which the tax due is actually paid.
Explanation.– For the purpose of this section tax due does not include the amount of penalty.
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The Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) may initiate criminal proceedings under section 33A of Sales Tax Act, 1990 against tax officers/officials of the Inland Revenue for committing an act that results in undue benefit.
33A. Proceedings against authority and persons.–(1) Subject to section 51, the Board shall prescribe rules for initiating criminal proceedings against any authority mentioned in sections 30 to 30DDD, including any officer or official subordinate to the aforesaid authority, who wilfully and deliberately commits or omits an act which results in undue benefit or advantage to the authority or the officer or official or to any other person.
(2) Where proceedings under sub-section (1) have been initiated against the authority or officer or official, the Board shall simultaneously intimate the relevant Government agency to initiate criminal proceedings against the person referred to in sub-section (1).
(3) The proceedings under this section shall be without prejudice to any other liability that the authority or officer or official or the person may incur under any other law for the time being in force.
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The Sales Tax Act, 1990 has prescribed penalty for persons, being owner of the goods, which are brought to Pakistan in violation of section 40 of the Act.
33. Offences and penalties.– Whoever commits any offence shall, in addition to and not in derogation of any punishment to which he may be liable under any other law, be liable to the penalty mentioned against that offence: –
27. Any person, being owner of the goods, which are brought to Pakistan in violation of section 40D.
Such person shall pay a penalty of ten thousand rupees or five per cent of the amount of tax involved, whichever is higher:
Further, such goods shall also be liable to confiscation. However, the adjudication authority, after such confiscation, may allow redemption of such goods on payment of fine which shall not be less than twenty percent of value, or retail price in case of items falling in Third Schedule, of such goods.
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