As a severe outbreak of norovirus spreads across the United States, health experts are emphasizing awareness and preventive measures. Often called the “stomach flu,” this highly contagious illness has reached its highest levels for this season in over a decade, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Recent CDC data shows a sharp rise in cases, with 91 outbreaks reported during the week of December 5, compared to the historical average of 65 for the same period from 2012 to 2020. Norovirus annually causes an estimated 900 deaths—primarily among older adults—along with 109,000 hospitalizations and 19 to 21 million cases nationwide.
What Is Norovirus?
Norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the U.S., responsible for nearly 58% of such infections annually. Symptoms often appear suddenly and include explosive vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. While most individuals recover within one to three days, vulnerable groups like the old-age, immunocompromised individuals, and young children face a higher risk of severe dehydration and complications.
Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease expert at Vanderbilt University, describes the illness as “brief but fierce.” Dehydration is a significant concern, particularly for frail individuals who may require hospitalization for rehydration.
How Does Norovirus Spread?
Norovirus is remarkably contagious, requiring as few as 10 viral particles to cause illness. It spreads through contaminated food, surfaces, or direct contact with infected individuals. Common sources include leafy greens, fresh fruits, and shellfish, which are often consumed raw or undercooked.
The virus can survive freezing and remains infectious on surfaces for hours. Effective disinfection requires sustained heat above 140°F or thorough cleaning with soap and water.
Preventive Measures
Experts agree that good hand hygiene is the best defense. Washing hands with soap and water is more effective than hand sanitizers, which are less effective against norovirus. The CDC also recommends cleaning and disinfecting contaminated surfaces, particularly in shared spaces, and using dishwashing cycles with heat to sanitize kitchen items.
Dr. Jatin Vyas, an infectious disease specialist at Columbia University, notes that while washing fruits and vegetables is advisable, it may not fully eliminate contamination.
Looking Ahead
Although no specific vaccine exists, Moderna is currently conducting trials for a potential vaccine. Until then, prevention through hygiene and food safety remains critical in curbing the spread of this highly transmissible virus.
For more information and updates, visit the CDC website or consult healthcare professionals.